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Israeli Dvora-class patrol boat with 2 Gabriel missile containers, the world's smallest missile boat. Taiwan operates 50 copies with 2 Hsiung Feng missiles each, known as the "Hai Ou" class
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GABRIEL Mk. 2 (Israel Aircraft Industries)
Length: 11 ft. 2.65 in.
Diameter: 1 ft. 1.4 in.
Span: 4 ft. 4.75 in.
Weight: 1,151 lbs.
Warhead: 397 lb. high explosive
Speed: Mach 0.7
Range: 26 miles
Propulsion: Solid propellant
Profile: Sea skimmer; short-to medium range; semi-active radar guidance with manual/optical and radio command guidance
Developed in the mid 1960s, the Gabriel has proved to be one of the most successful anti-ship missiles ever used in combat. Used widely during the 1973 "Yom Kippur" war where it was responsible for sinking a large number of Arab warships.
Primarily guided by the launch vessel's radar, the Gabriel Mk. 2 also carries a television camera and transceiver for azimuth and altiude commands. The purpose is to send back to the launch vessel real-time images of the area to allow an operator to make any necessary corrections during the final phases of flight, and thus find targets that cannot be seen either by the naked eye or by radar.
Copied by South Africa as the Skorpioen, and Taiwan poduces a Gabriel-derived missile designated Hsiung Feng (Male Bee).
Users: Israel, Ecuador, Singapore, South Africa (Skorpioen), Taiwan (Hsiung Feng)
http://www.iai.co.il/dows/dows/Serve/item/English/ 1.1.4.2.5.2.html
http://www.mindef.gov.sg/navy/index2.html
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http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/ agm-84.htm
http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/missiles/harpoon/harpoon.htm
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HARPOON RGM-84 (Boeing, formerly McDonnell Douglas, USA)
Length: 15.2 ft.
Diameter: 13.5 in.
Span: 3 ft.
Weight w/ booster: 1,470 lbs.
Warhead: 500 lb. blast fragmentation high explosive
Speed: Mach 0.85
Range: 81 miles for early models, 100 miles for Block 1B onwards
Propulsion: Solid rocket booster, turbojet sustainer
Profile: Sea skimming, active radar guidance
The US' primary all-weather, over-the-horizon anti-ship missile. Air launched version designated AGM-84, submarine version UGM-84. Production started in mid-1970s, with numerous improvements to current A/R/UGM-84G standard.
Usually fired in a pre-set Range and Bearing Launch (RBL) mode, turning on its Texas Instruments two-axis active-radar terminal only at the last moment to acquire the target without giving it time to instigate evasive measures. The frequency-agile radar can be set for large, medium or small acquisition windows that determin the range from the target at which the radar is activated. The smaller the window, the more precise the initial target data must be, and the less chance that the missile will be defeated by defensive ECM techniques in its terminal flight phase. Alternatively, it may be launched in Bearing Only Launch (BOL) mode, in which the missile is fired on the target bearing and the radar is activated early in flight, scanning 45@ to each side of the missile's bearing to search for a target. If no target is acquired after a suitable time on the initial bearing, the missile switches to a re-set search pattern. In either mode, once the target is detected and the seaker locks on, the missile climbs rapidly in a pop-up maneouvre and dives into the ship. The 500 lb high explosive warhed is fitted with a time-delayed contact fuze an is designed to penetrate into the ship before detonating.
Used in sinking or severely destroying Libyan missile craft and corvettes in the Gulf of Sidra, and during the Gulf War.
Harpoon Block II is an upgrade program to improve capabilities of to attack targets in congested littoral environments, incorporating the integrated Global Positioning System/Inertial Navigation System (GPS/INS) from the JDAM program currently under development. This capability should allow the Harpoon Block II to impact a designated GPS target point allowing it to be used against coastal targets and ships in port.
Production unit cost, per www.fas.org is US$474,609 per missile.
Turkey recently bought 30 missiles for $43 million.
Users (air and surface launched): Australia, Bahrain, Canada, Denmark, Egypt, Germany, Greece, Israel, Japan, South Korea, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States
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Penguin Mk 2 being test fired from a US Swift Mk3 patrol boat.
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PENGUIN Mk. 2 (Kongsberg, Norway)
Length: 9 ft. 8.5 in.
Diameter: 11 in.
Span: 4 ft. 7 in.
Weight: 750 lbs.
Warhead: 264 lb. high explosive
Speed: Mach 0.8
Range: 17 miles
Propulsion: Solid propellant
Profile: Sea skimming, infra-red homing
Development of Penguin Mk. 1 took place 1961 to 1970. The Penguin was the first anti-ship missile developed by the Western world. Mk. 1 in service 1972. New development initiated in 1974 with the Mk. 2 resulting. Mk. 3 is the air-launched version used on Norway's F-16s with a range of up to 37.3
Ship launched versions are carried in fiberglass container-launcher boxes that weigh 1,433 lbs complete with missile. Penguin may be launched within seconds of target designation on any bearing, regardless of the launching platform's heading. Once fired, the missile employs inertial guidance to reach the target's estimated location, upon which the passive infra-red seeker scans the area in front of the missile until the target is acquired, the seeker continuing to track the target while guiding the missile on an intercept course.
The high resolution, passive IR seeker provides a high degree of discrimination and target selection. It is claimed to be immune to all ECM systems and all known IR decoys. Penguin is designed to hit the target at the waterline, and to deliver the delayed action, 120 kg HE SAP warhead inside the hull.
Turkey recently purchased 40 air-to-surface Penguins for $40 million.
Users: Turkey, Greece, Sweden and Norway
http://www.naval-technology.com/contractors/missiles/ kongsberg/index.html
http://www.kongsberg.com/eng/kog/
http://www.spaceline.org/rocketsum/penguin.html
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SEA SKUA (Matra/ BAe)
Length: 8 ft. 2 in.
Diameter: 8.75 in.
Span: 2 ft. 5 in.
Weight: 325 lbs.
Warhead: 44 lb. high explosive
Speed: Mach 0.9
Range: 12.4 miles
Propulsion: Solid propellant
Profile: Sea skimming, semi-active radar guidance
Designed primarily for helicopter launch, now with surface-launch systems available. The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World lists this as possibly the missile to be mounted on the Philippine Navy's Jacinto-class corvettes. Guidance is semi-active radar homing, the launch vehicle needing to illuminate the target with its target tracking radar to allow the semi-active homing seeker head to pick up the reflected energy and guide the missile to the target. Used by the British from Lynx helicopters in the 1982 Falklands war where it scored seven hits out of eight launches, severely damaging several Argentine naval vessels.
Kuwait recently closed a deal with BAe for the purchase of 100 Sea Skua missiles for US$180 million which amounts to $1.8 million each. Other sources had the deal being negotiated earlier at $89 million for 80 missiles with 20 missiles added for free (Naval Institute Press, 1998). The price is surprisingly expensive for such a small missile.
Users: Helicopter-launched: United Kingdom, South Korea, Brazil, Germany, Turkey. Ship-launched: Kuwait
http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/970903/ 1997090325.html
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MM-38 launcher/containers
AM-39
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EXOCET MM38 (Aerospatiale)
Length: 17 ft. 1 in.
Diameter: 13.75 in.
Span: 3 ft. 3.5 in.
Weight: 1,600 lbs.
Warhead: 364 lb. high explosive blast fragmentation
Speed: Mach 0.93
Range: 26 miles
Propulsion: Solid propellant
Profile: Sea skimming, active radar guidance
MM meaning mer-mer or sea-to-sea. Developed in the late 1960s, with first trials in 1972. Entered service in 1975. Used aainst the British by the Argentinians, by Iraq against Iran, and in 1987 against the USS Stark, hit by two missiles fired from Iraqi Mirage F1s.
Carried in heavy metal launcher-containers. Before launch the target's future location is computed by the launch vehicle's fire control system and the information is fed to the missile's guidance system. The missile is launched and follows a low-altitude profile using inertial guidance until it reaches activation range, where the onboard radar searches for the target and takes over guidance of the missile. Once locked-on the missile descends to sea-skimming altitude for the terminal phase.
The AM39 is an air-launched version of the MM38. The Chinese C-801 Eagle Strike is a copy of the MM38.
Users: Ordered by at least 31 countries including: France, Pakistan, Abu Dhabi, Argentina, South Korea, Singapore, Brazil, Oman, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Peru, Malaysia and Brunei.
http://www.netmarine.net/armes/exocet/index.htm#mm38
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Exocet MM40 launcher/containers
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EXOCET MM40 (Aerospatiale)
Length: 18 ft. 11.5 in.
Diameter: 13.75 in.
Span: 3 ft. 8.66 in.
Weight: 1,874 lbs.
Warhead: 364 lb. high explosive blast fragmentation
Speed: Mach 0.93
Range: 40.4 miles
Propulsion: Solid propellant
Profile: Sea skimming, active radar guidance
Improved version of the MM38 with over-the-horizon targetting capability, its guidance system able to use fire-control data relayed by an outside source. Uses a cylindrical fiberglass launcher/container which is significantly lighter and smaller than that used on the MM38, allowing more missiles to be carried. To use the MM40's full range potential, over-the-horizon targetting information must be provided by helicopters or other aircraft. Flight characteristics are generally similar to MM38.
Improvements in the MM40 include evasive maeouvering, improved seeker, electronic counter-counter measures and improved sea skimming ability.
Users:
http://www.netmarine.net/armes/exocet/index.htm#mm40
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KH-35 URAN
NATO:SS-N-25 SWITCHBLADE
(CIS/Russia)
Length: 12 ft. 4 in.
Diameter: 1 ft. 4.53 in.
Span: 3 ft. 0.6 in.
Weight: 1,389 lbs with booster
Warhead: 320 lb. high explosive blast fragmentation
Speed: Mach 0.90
Range: 80 miles
Propulsion: Solid propellant booster with turbojet sustainer
Profile: Sea skimming, active radar guidance
Nicknamed "Kharpunskiy" or "Harpoonski" because of its similarity to the American Harpoon. Development started in 1972 by the Zvezda-Strela State Scientific-Industrial Center (GNPTs) group. The Uran missile system comprises 16 Kh-35 missiles - 4x4 launchers with pressurised transport-launching containers. Number of missiles in the system intended for swamping a target ship's defenses. Adopted by India for use in its indigenous corvettes. Guidance system combines inertial guidance during the initial flight stage and active-radar guidance during the remaining flight stage, skimming sea waves at an altitude of 3 to 5 meters.
Also available is the IC-35 flying target simulator for training a ship's air defense team in destroying missiles of this class. The "Zvezda" product line includes a variant of the Kh-35 missile which operates with thermal-imaging rather than radar guidance during the final flight stage.
Users: India, Russia
http://www.milparade.com/1996/16/92-94.htm
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/as-20.htm
http://www.alenafix.com/old-fbg/articles/russ-uran01.html
http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/delhi/
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Misc. Missile references:
http://www.cdiss.org/tabtechs.htm
http://www.armada.ch/e/4-99/011.htm
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